Poverty in India: Rural and Urban( By Arun Joshi,9888933043)

I. Rural Poverty

Main Reasons for Rural Poverty

Rapid Population Growth
Lack of Capital
Lack of alternate employment opportunities other than agriculture
Excessive population pressure on Agriculture
Illiteracy
Regional disparities
Joint family system
Child marriage tradition
Indifferent attitude towards investment
Lack of proper implementation of Public Distribution System (PDS)

Government Efforts for Eliminating Rural Poverty

Legal elimination of bonded labourers
Preventing the centralization of wealth by modifying the law
Antyodaya plan
Small Farmer Development Programme (SFDP)
Drought Area Development Programme (DADP)
Twenty Point Programme
Food for Work Programme
Minimum Needs Programme (MNP)
Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP)
National Rural Employment Programme (NREP)
Rural Labour Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP)
Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY) (Formerly known as Jawahar Rojgar Yojana)
TRYSEM Scheme
Family planning / welfare programme for population control
Employment Assurance Scheme
Scheme for Rural artisans/craftsmen
DWCRA Programme
Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana
Mahila Samridhi Yojana
National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP)
Group Life Insurance Scheme for Rural Areas
Rural Housing Programme
Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY)
Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana
Sampoorna Gramin Rojgar Yojana
Indira Awas Yojana
Samagra Awas Yojana
Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Yojana
Agriculture Income Insurance Scheme
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MNREGS)

II.Urban Poverty

Main Reasons for Urban Poverty

Migration of rural youth towards cities
Lack of vocational education / training
Limited job opportunities of employment in the cities
Rapid increase in population
Lack of housing facilities
No proper implementation of Public Distribution System (PDS)

Government Efforts for Eliminating Urban Poverty

Emphasis on vocational education
Nehru Rozgar Yojana (NRY)
Self-Employment Programme for the Urban Poor (SEPUP)
Financial assistance for construction houses
Self-Employment to the Educated Urban Youth (SEEUY) Programme
Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana (It is also implemented in rural areas)
National Social Assistance Programme
Urban Basic Services for the Poor (UBSP) Programme
Prime Minister’s Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Programme (PMIUPEP)
Swarna Jayanti Shahri Rozgar Yojana