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GURU NANAKDEV JI
Guru Nanak Dev was born in 1469 A.D. at Rai-Bhoe DI Taiwandi, Distt. Shekhu Pura, the place which is called Nankana Sahib or Gurudwara Janam Asthan. This sacred place is in Pakistan now-a-days. His mother’s name was Tripta and father’s name was Mehta Kalu. Guru was founder of Sikh religion. There was tyranny in the society, when Guru Nanak took birth. He was sent to a Pandit for studies at the age of 7, but Pandit was stunned on hearing his views.
At Sultan Pur Lodhi, he went to a rivulet (Bein), Where he got enlightenment. For the welfare of the world he took four voyages in all the four directions and preached truth to the people. Hindus called him Guru and Muslims called him Pir. He gave his throne to Bhai Lahina. who was known by the name of Guru Angad Dev later on. This great saint passed away on 7.11.1539. The earliest biographical sources on the life of Guru Nanak recognized today are the Janamsākhīs (life accounts) and the vārs (expounding verses) of the scribe Bhai Gurdas. The most popular Janamsākhī were allegedly written by a close companion of the Guru, Bhai Bala. However, the writing style and language employed have left scholars such as Max Arthur Macauliffe certain that they were composed after his death.
GURU ANGAD DEV JI
This great man was born on 31st March, 1504 at Harike village in Ferozepur District. His childhood name was Lahina. His father Ferumal was a general merchant and was Kshatriya by caste. He was married to Bibi Kheevi daughter of Sh. Devi Chand at the age of 15. He had two Sons Datu and Dassu and two daughters Amro and Anokhi.
Guru Nanak Dev tested him and appointed him his successor. He gave one coconut and five paisa to Angad Dev and bowed before him. In this way, Guru Angad Dev became second Guru of Sikhs. In 1538, Guru Nanak Dev Ji chose Lehna, his disciple, as a successor to the Guruship rather than one of his sons. Bhai Lehna was given the name Angad and designated Guru Angad Dev, becoming the second guru of the Sikhs. He continued the work started by the first Sikh Guru, Guru Nanak Dev Ji. He passed away 0n 28th march 1552 at Amritsar.
GURU AMAR DAS JI
Guru Amar Das was born at village Sabarke, distt. Amritsar on 5th May, 1479 in Baba Tej Bhan’s home. He was Kashatriya by caste. He had two sons Mohan and Mohri and two daughters Bibi Bhani and Bibi Dani.
He used to lead a pious life. Finally he come to the shelter of Guru Angad Dev and served him devotedly. Guru Angad Dev was highly influenced by him and finally gave him his throne. He was third Guru of Sikhs on 26 March 1552.
• Required visitors to Gurdwaras take Langar (Free Blessed Food) before seeing the Guru. "First Pangat then Sangat"
• Created the prayer ritual called Anand Sahib, which is one of the Five Banis recited daily
• Established the city of Goindval on the banks of river Bias in 1552.
• Contributed 907 hymns to the Sri Guru Granth Sahib!
• Visited and assigned Sikh missionaries to different parts of India.
• Divided the Sikh Sangat area into 22 branches called Manjis and appointed a local Sikh preacher for each location .
This great saint passed away on 1 sept 1554.
GURU RAM DAS JI
Guru Ram Das was born in 1534 of Choona Mandi situated at Lahore. He was also Kashtarya by Caste. As his parents passed away soon, his grand mother brought him up. His childhood name was Jetha ii.
He went to Goindwal to Sh. Guru Amar Das. Guru Amar Das and his wife were attracted towards charming personality of Jetha Ji. So, they married their younger daughter Bhani to him. Three sons Pirthi Chand, Mohan Dass and Arjun Dev were born to him. Guru Amar Das appointed him his successor. Thus Jetha Ji became Guru Ram Das, 4th Guru of Sikhs on 30 august 1574. He passed away on I sept. 1581.
GURU ARJUN DEV JI
This great man was born on 15th April 1563 at Goindwal, Amritsar in Guru Ram Das’s house to Bibi Bhani. He was brought up by his maternal grand-father Guru Amar Das. He got education in Hindi, Sanskrit and Persian.
Guru Arjun Dev’s greatest work was editing of Guru Granth Sahib. He got the foundation of Harmandir Sahib laid atAmritsar by a Muslim Faqir Sam Mian Mir. He also started Daswand and Masand custom. His most famous work is ‘Sukhmani Sahib’. He completed the construction of Amritsar and founded other cities such as Taran Taran and Kartarpur. He constructed a Baoli at Lahore. The most important work of Arjan Dev was the compilation of Adi Granth. He collected all the work of the first four Gurus and dictated it in the form of verses in 1604. He appointed Baba Budha Ji, who was a companion of Guru Nanak, and an associate of each of the subsequent Guru as the chief priest of the Golden Temple. He placed the Adi Granth on the Gaddi (throne) reserved for him, preferring to sit among his disciples.He was martyred on 30th May, 1606 by making him sit on hot plate by jahangir, because he supported his rebel son khusrau mirza.
GURU HARGOBIND JI
Guru Hargobind was born on 14th June, 1596 at Wadali near Amritsar. At the age of 11, he had to lead Sikhs because his father had been martyred. He wore two swords of Miri and Piri and gave a new policy to sikh religion. His relations with Mughals went on changing sometimes friendly and sometimes tense. He had friendly relations with Mughals, but sometimes he had to fight against them. He was 6th Guru of Sikhs. Jahangir could not tolerate the armed policy of Har Gobind and consequently imprisoned him, and ultimately released him. The relations between the Guru and Jahangir became friendly and continued to remain so.
During the reign of Shah Jahan, relations became bitter again, for Shah Jahan was intolerant. He destroyed the Sikh baoli at Lahore. The quarrels which originally started over hawks or horses between the Mughal officials and the Sikhs subsequently led to risings on a large scale and were responsible for the deaths of thousands of persons on both sides. Battles were fought at Amritsar, Kartarpur and elsewhere. He defeated the Imperial troops near Amritsar. Guru Har Gobind breathed his last, peacefully, at Kiratpur Rupnagar, Punjab on 2 March 1644.
• Transformed the Sikh fraternity by introducing martial arts and weapons for the defence of the masses following his father's martyrdom.
• Militarised the Sikh movement – carried two swords of Miri and Piri.
• Built the Akal Takht in 1608 – which is now one of five Takhts (Seats of Power) of the Sikhs.
• Founded the city of Kiratpur in District Jalandhar, Punjab.
• He was imprisoned in the fort of Gwalior for one year and on release insisted that 52 fellow prisoners be freed as well. To mark this occasion the Sikhs celebrate Bandi Chhor Divas.
• The first Guru to engage in warfare.
• Fought four battles against the Mughal rulers.
• The strongest and the biggest Guru physically.
• The city Hargobindpur, in Majha region of Punjab, is named after him, which he won over from Mughals after defeating them in a battle.
GURU HAR RAI JI
He was born at Kiratpur on 30th January, 1630. His father Baba Gurdita was eldest son of Guru Hargobind. Guru Hargobind had five sons - Baba Gurdita, Suraj Mal, Anirai, Baba Atal and Teg Bahadur. In 1643, feeling his time near, he appointed Gurdita’s Younger son Har Rai his successor. He was 7th Guru of sikhs. Guru Har Rai married Mata Kishan Kaur (sometimes also referred to as mata Sulakhni) the daughter of Sri Daya Ram of Anoopshahr (Bulandshahr) in Uttar Pradesh .Guru Har Rai had one daughter and two sons: Baba Ram Rai and Sri Har Krishan. Just before his death at age 31, Guru Har Rai passed the Gaddi of Nanak on to his younger son, the five year old—Guru Har Krishan.he passed away on 6 oct.1661.
GURU HAR KRISHAN JI
Guru Har Krishan was born on 7th july 1656 at Kiratpur Sahib, Rupnagar, Punjab.His mother’s name was Krishan Kaur and his father was Guru Har Rai. Guru Har Rai was against giving throne of Guruship to his eldest son Ram Rai, because he had showed cowardice in Mughal Court. So, he devoid Ram Rai’s right from Guruship and appointed his younger son Har Krishan his successor. Guru Har Knishan became 8th Guru of sikhs on 7 oct.1661. Ram Rai complained to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in Delhi that he had been passed over because of his loyalty to the emperor. He also claimed that he had not received his due share of his father's property. Ram Rai knew that before his death Har Rai had publicly instructed Har Krishan never to meet Aurengzeb. Ram Rai hoped if Har Krishan met the emperor, it would be against his father's wishes and the Sikhs would be displeased with their Guru. On the other hand, if Aurangzeb summoned Har Krishan to Delhi, and he refused to go, then Aurangzeb would send troops to compel him. Aurangzeb favored Ram Rai, and summoned Har Krishan to Delhi. The Sikhs were very apprehensive about young Har Krishan travelling to Delhi and appearing at court. To calm these worries, Aurangzeb sent Mirza Raja Jai Singh I to escort the Guru to Delhi. Mirza Raja Jai Singh I was a high court official and a Rajput ruler known for his devotion to the Sikh Gurus. When they reached Delhi, Har Krishan and his party were the guests of Raja Jai Singh. Every day, large numbers of Sikh devotees flocked to see the Guru. A smallpox epidemic was then raging in Delhi. Har Krishan helped to heal many sick people. Coming in contact with so many people every day, he too was infected and taken seriously ill. On March 30, 1664, Har Krishan decided to name his successor. He called for five coins and a coconut. He took them, and being too weak to move, waved his hand three times in the air, and said "Baba Bakala." Har Krishan then suddenly died at the age of eight.
One of the historic gurdwaras in India, the Bangla Sahib in Delhi was built on the site where Guru Har Krishan helped the sick, and where he also died himself of smallpox.
GURU TEG BAIHADUR JI
Guru Teg Bahadur was born in April, 1621 at Guru De Mahal at Amritsar. He was Youngest son of 6th Guru of Sikhs Guru Hargobind. At the time of his death, Guru Har Krishan caught five paisa and a coconut in his hands and said Baba Bakala, bowed his head and passed away. -
Bhai Makhan Shah Lubana, who was devotee to Gurus, his ship was caught in a tempest at sea. He prayed if his ship was saved, he would give 500 gold coins to Guru, His ship was saved. Makhan Shah Lubana came to Baba Bakala. He saw that many hypocrites were sitting and posing as Gurus. Makhan Shah started placing two gold coins before every Guru and bowed his head. They accepted gold coins. On asking some people he came to know that, Teg Bahadur was worshipping in an underground eel!. Makhan Shah placed two gold coins before him and bowed his head. Smiling Guru Teg Bahadur said that Bhai Makhan Shah You had promised 500 gold coins. Hearing so, Bhai Makhan Shah climbed the roof-top and shouted, “Guru Ladho Re! Guru Ladho Re !“ In this way real Guru was found. He became guru of Sikhism on 20march 1665. 1665A.D. a child Gobind Rai was born to him.
One day some Kashmiri Brahamins came to him and told him that officer of Mughal emperor was compelling them to change religion. Guru told that they could be saved from tyranny if some great man sacrificed his life. Gobind Rai said, “Father! Who is greater than you who can sacrifice his life at this time?”
Mughal emperor asked Guru either to show some miracle or become Muslim or get martyrdom. He was arrested, along with some of his followers, Bhai Dayala, Bhai Mati Das and Bhai Sati Das by Nur Muhammad Khan of the Rupnagar police post at the village Malikhpur Rangharan, in Ghanaula Parganah, and sent to Sirhind the following day. The Faujdar (Governor) of Sirhind, Dilawar Khan, ordered him to be detained in Bassi Pathana and reported the news to Delhi. His arrest was made in July 1675 and he was kept in custody for over three months. He was then cast in an iron cage and taken to Delhi in November 1675. The Guru was put in chains and ordered to be tortured until he would accept Islam. When he could not be persuaded to abandon his faith to save himself from persecution, he was asked to perform some miracles to prove his divinity. On his refusal, Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded in public at Chandni Chowk on 11 November 1675. Guru Ji is also known as "Hind Di Chadar" i.e. to save Hinduism, Guru Ji gave his life. The Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib in Chandni Chowk, Delhi, was built over where the Guru was beheaded, and Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib, also in Delhi, is built on the site of the residence of Lakhi Shah Vanjara, a disciple of the Guru, who burnt his house in order to cremate the Guru's body.
GURU GOBIND SINGH JI
Guru Gobind Singh was 10th and last human Guru of Sikh. He was born in 1666 A.D. at Patna. He was only 9 years, when his father was martyred.
He created Khalsa at Anandpur Sahib on Baisakhi day in 1699 and gave nectar to sikhs. Guru fought many battles with Hill-Kings. His two elder Sons were killed in battle of Chamkaur and two younger sons were killed by bricking them into foundations of a wall at fatehgarh sahib.
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